Example.

The function get_flow_label allocates private flow label.

int get_flow_label(int fd, struct sockaddr_in6 *dst, __u32 fl)
{
        int on = 1;
        struct in6_flowlabel_req freq;

        memset(&freq, 0, sizeof(freq));
        freq.flr_label = htonl(fl);
        freq.flr_action = IPV6_FL_A_GET;
        freq.flr_flags = IPV6_FL_F_CREATE | IPV6_FL_F_EXCL;
        freq.flr_share = IPV6_FL_S_EXCL;
        memcpy(&freq.flr_dst, &dst->sin6_addr, 16);
        if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MGR,
                       &freq, sizeof(freq)) == -1) {
                perror ("can't lease flowlabel");
                return -1;
        }
        dst->sin6_flowinfo |= freq.flr_label;

        if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_FLOWINFO_SEND,
                       &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) {
                perror ("can't send flowinfo");

                freq.flr_action = IPV6_FL_A_PUT;
                setsockopt(fd, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MGR,
                           &freq, sizeof(freq));
                return -1;
        }
        return 0;
}

A bit more complicated example using routing header can be found in ping6 utility (iputils package). Linux rsvpd backend contains an example of using operation IPV6_FL_A_RENEW.